试论企业组织结构--电子商务企业与传统企业的比较     

何兴贵  黄宗捷 《成都信息工程学院学报》2002,17(3):196-199

网络时代的到来，对传统企业的组织结构、运作模式、管理方法均提出了严峻的挑战。传统的企业组织结构是适应大工业生产而形成的等级组织结构形式，它有很大的局限性；电子商务企业的组织结构是适应网络社会而形成扁平化、双向多对多、以信息为基础的新型组织结构形式。电子商务企业以其组织结构扁平化和中空化，决策分散化，运作虚拟化，灵活高效为特点，它将成为传统企业在电子商务发展阶段变革的方向和目标。  相似文献   

The possible response of life zones in China under global climate change   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Xiongwen Chen  Xin-Shi Zhang  Bai-Lian Li 《Global and Planetary Change》2003,38(3-4):327-337

The response of natural vegetation to climate change is of global concern. In this research, an aggregated Holdridge Life Zone System was used to study the possible response of life zones in China under doubled atmospheric CO₂ concentration with the input climatic parameters at 0.5×0.5° resolution of longitude and latitude from NCAR regional climate model 2 (RegCM2) coupled with the CSIRO global climate model. The results indicate that the latitudinal distribution of life zones would become irregular because of the complicated climate change. In particular, new life zones, such as subtropical desert (SD), tropical desert (TDE) and tropical thorn woodland (TTW), would appear. Subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest (SEBF), tropical rainforest and monsoon forest (TRF), SD, TDE and TTW zones would appear in the northeastern China. Cool-temperate mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest (CMC) and warm-temperate deciduous broadleaved forest (WDBF) zones would appear at latitudes 25–35°N. The temperate desert (TD) in the western China would become Tibetan high-cold plateau (THP), SEBF, WDBF and temperate steppe (TS), and a large part of THP would be replaced by TRF, TDE, SEBF, TS and TTW. The relative area (distribution area/total terrestrial area) of CMC, TRF, TDE and TTW zone would increase about 3%, 21%, 3% and 6%, respectively. However, the relative area of SEBF, TS, TD and THP would decrease about 5%, 3%, 19% and 4%, respectively. In all, the relative area of forests (CCF, CMC, WDBF, SEBF, TRF) would increase about 15%, but the relative area of desert (TD, SD, TDE, and TTW) and THP would decrease about 9% and 4%, respectively. Therefore, responses of different life zones in China to climate change would be dramatic, and nationwide corridors should be considered for the conservation of migrating species under climate change.  相似文献   

Marine Ingressive Events Recorded in Epicontinental Sequences:Example from the Cretaceous Songliao Basin of NE China in Comparison with the Triassic Central Europe Basin of SW Germany     

WANG Pujun  LIU Wanzhu  YIN Xiuzhen 《东北亚地学研究》2002,(1)

Songliao Basin is filled predominantly with continental facies sediments including alluvial fan, fluvial plain, fan delta , lacustrine delta, shore ?shallow lacustrine, beach salty flat, semi - deep to deep lacustrine, subaqueous gravity flow, lacustrine swamp and pyroclastic sediments. However, some event units were formed during lake - marine linking periods of the Mid - Cretaceous in the basin, which include black shales with high values for salinity ( Sr/Ba) , alkalinity (Ca Mg)/ (Si Al) , reducibility ( Ni Zn)/Ga and sulfide sulfur as well as heavy isotopes. The Breitenholz ?section to be represen-ted for facies comparison with the Cretaceous evaporitic series in Northeast China is localized in Southwest Germany. Stratig-raphically it belongs to the Crabfeld Formation of Keuper of the Germanic Triassic corresponding to Ladinian - Camian of the international reference scale, and is generally called Lower Gipskeuper. The Germanic Triassic was deposited in the epiconti-nental(cratonic) central Euro  相似文献   

山东省区域地质构造演化探讨   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

宋明春  李洪奎 《山东国土资源》2001,17(6):12-21

山东省区域地质构造演化分为5个阶段.①陆核形成阶段形成太古宙高级区,地壳分异成稳定的花岗岩穹窿和活动的绿岩带,第一次克拉通化完成.②陆块发生形成阶段地壳向刚性发展,在华北陆核硅铝壳的基础上先后有3次张开、闭合裂谷作用,第二次克拉通化完成.这一阶段演化在鲁西地区主要表现为挤压作用,形成大量造山花岗岩;鲁东地区则以拉张作用为主,形成海槽,产生沉积.③秦昆洋形成演化阶段四堡期沿鲁东南部地壳拉张,在华北板块与扬子板块间形成秦昆洋.晋宁期秦昆洋关闭,华北板块与扬子板块对接碰撞,沿胶南造山带产生大量同碰撞花岗岩,同时产生超高压变质作用及形成丰富多彩的碰撞构造.晋宁运动最终形成统一的原始中国古陆,第三次克拉通化完成.④陆块发展阶段鲁西地区地壳频繁升降,形成广泛的海相及海陆交互相沉积;鲁东地区则以造山抬升为主,地层沉积较少.⑤滨太平洋发展阶段该阶段的主要特征是断块构造发育,形成盆岭构造格局,产生大陆边缘花岗岩,构造体系由古亚洲构造域转向滨太平洋构造域.  相似文献   

辽宁省深部构造特征及其地质意义     

郑秀岩 《国土资源》1997,(3)

本文应用了最新取得的“五统一”区域重力成果，并经过对浅表松散槽（如下辽河断陷，大岩体等）的密度亏损进行补偿改正后，求取了全省的区域重力场及其垂向二次导数，计算了莫氏面等深度图。在分析区域重力场及其垂向二次导数异常特征和莫氏面起伏特征的基础上，划分出辽宁深部构造的基本格局。从平面上探讨了深部构造与地形地势、地质构造及矿产分布的关系，从剖面上剖析了辽宁省地壳分层的宏观特征  相似文献   

运输系统的区域效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高小真 《地理学报》1991,46(1):93-102

运输系统改进—运距缩短—产业布局调整这一空间过程对不同的区域可能具有完全不同的意义。本文通过对一个两区域—两部门经济模型的研究得出结论:当较落后的资源产区与经济中心之间的距离由于运输系统的改进而缩短时,资源产区的经济结构向单一化转变,初级产品的生产和输出在经济建设中逐渐占主导地位,加工工业逐渐萎缩,地方经济发展受到阻碍,而且这种变化是在距离的某一特定值处突然出现的,带有跃变的性质。这一研究结果表明,对区域运输系统的任何改进措施都应该慎而行之,以免造成与本来目标相悖的区域效应。  相似文献   

Neoliberalizing environmental governance? Land trusts, private conservation and nature on the Oak Ridges Moraine     

Shannon Logan  Gerda R. Wekerle 《Geoforum》2008,(6):2097-2108

With recent changes in the ways that state agencies are implementing their environmental policies, the line between public and private is becoming increasingly blurred. This includes shifts from state-led implementation of environmental policies to conservation plans that are implemented and managed by multi-sectoral networks of governments, the private sector and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs). This paper examines land trusts as private conservation initiatives that become part of neoliberal governance arrangements and partnerships that challenge our conceptions of environmental preservation and democratic participation. The paper starts with an examination of the concept of neoliberalized environmental governance. Next, it addresses the shifting social constructions of property and land in the context of protecting large scale ecosystems. Through a case study of the extension of new environmental governance arrangements on the Oak Ridges Moraine in Ontario, we examine the relationships that have formed between different levels of the state and environmental non-governmental organizations. Finally, we analyze the expansion of land trusts and private conservation initiatives that are predicated on private land ownership and the commodification of nature, the emerging discourses and practices of private conservation, and how these are implicated in the privatization and neoliberalization of nature.  相似文献   

海浪的条件特征周期     

徐德伦  刘学海  张军 《海洋学报》2001,23(3):1-7

在海浪波面高度为正态分布的假定下,导出一种以给定波高为条件的条件周期概率密度函数.与风浪槽中测量数据比较,结果表明,在窄谱情况下此概率密度函数与实验室风浪的实际符合良好.根据此密度函数定义了3种条件特征周期,并导出它们与平均周期的关系式.根据这些关系对有关海洋工程上的一些问题作了解释和讨论.  相似文献   

Using the Mellor–Yamada mixing scheme in seasonally ice-covered seas—Corrigendum to: Parameterization of vertical mixing in the Weddell Sea [Ocean Modelling 6 (2004) 83–100]     

Ralph Timmermann  Martin Losch 《Ocean Modelling》2005,10(3-4):369-372

A coding error in the s-Coordinate Primitive Equation Model (SPEM) has led to misleading statements about the behaviour of the Mellor–Yamada level 2 parameterization of vertical mixing. It has been claimed that the scheme removes static instability only very slowly and preserves statically unstable stratifications for an unrealistic long time. This note corrects this statement by demonstrating that the Mellor–Yamada mixing scheme, if implemented correctly, tends to overestimate rather than underestimate vertical mixing in seasonally ice-covered seas. Similar to other mixing schemes with the same behaviour, this leads to spurious open ocean deep convection, an unrealistic homogenization of the water column, and a significant reduction of sea ice volume.  相似文献   

三峡及邻区晚第三纪以来构造应力场特征探讨     

贾永刚  单红仙 《海洋科学》1995,19(2):36-41

用三峡及邻区（东经１０８°～１１３°，北纬２９°～３３°）地质资料，地震资料，现 场地应力测量资料论证三峡及邻区晚第三纪以来构造应力场稳定性及其分区特 征。  相似文献